I wrote these articles in 1994 and 1995 while at University of Houston graduate school. I posted them in usenet groups (recreation.music.indian.classical). Now that I have my own blogspot address, I wanted to bring these articles to my blog. Thanks to www.tfmpage.com/ci who had hosted them thus far, I found my own articles and brought them here.
There are very few instances in which the identity of a rare raga in a cinema song is so well handled and shown (to the extent that) we could even use these songs as good a reference as keerthanas for those respective ragas. To quote a few, K.V.Mahadevan's 'paatum naanae' (Thiruvilayaadal) in the ragam Gowrimanohari, M.K.Thiagaraja Bhagavathar's 'soppana vazhvil magizhndu' in the ragam Vijayanaagari. These are uncommonly sung ragas. It is true that there are excellant keerthanais like 'gurulekha' (Gowrimanohari) in these ragas. But to a common rasika, it could be gone ahead and suggested 'paatum naanae' to understand Gowrimanohari, because KVM has handled it in splendid form. The way T.M.S starts the song in thara sthayi rishabham with his perfect voice and renders it, it is like eating a 'nila pournami' feast in the banks of kaveri. That song has become an absolute reference for Gowrimanohari. The question is: Has Illayaraja any such 'reference' songs to his credit? Yes. Many!
Bhaavani is the 41st melakartha raaga. It is the 2nd raga to the right from Jalavarali! It has the following arohanam and avarohanam: Sa Ri1 Ga1 Ma2 Pa Da2 Ni3 Sa, and Sa Ni3 Da2 Pa Ma2 Ga1 Ri Sa. I have never heard any keerthanai in this raga. How did Illayaraja get the sudden idea of scoring a tune in this complex vivaadi raga? Would it be a hit with all its vivaadi swaras? Did he or Kamalhaasan have any apprehension? If they had had, maybe we would't have got this wonderful song 'paartha vizhi poothiruka' in Guna. It is a perfect song suiting the situation in which Kamal (a nut case) sees the heroine in a temple and falls in instant love with her. That heroine, Roshni (or something) was a delight to see in that movie. The song starts like this Sa Pa Pa Pa Ma Ga Ri Sa Da Sa Ri GA...Before the song there is a virutham like piece sung by the chorus. He has handled the beauty of the vivaadhi swaras in that raga very very nicely. When you hear the words 'charanam charanam' set in the swaras, Sa Sa Ga Ri Sa it sends a thrill in your perceptual apparatus. Since the uttaranga swaras of this raga consist of chatusruthi daivatham and kaakali nishadam, it has a quality like that of kalyani (with a pradhi madhyamam). In the interlude of this song the chorus traverse in the melodious regions of the raga (Pa Da Ni Sa). Unfortunately I don't remember the words. Maybe the lyrics is good too. Jesudoss has done a fantastic job. Even though the recording scale of this song is only around 'oru kattai', how is that it sounds as though he is reaching big heights when he sings the same pallavi in the thara sthayi? It sounds so pleasant to hear! This song is a very good good referance for Bhaavani ragam.
Guna has another fantastic 'light' song 'kanmani anbodu'. Maybe, neo-rasikas will go ahead and call this song as Sankarabaranam!
Are there any cinema songs in ragam Hemavathi? It was a good surprise recent- ly when I came to know that lllayaraja has ventured into this ragam also for first time (maybe, in thamizh film song history). That song is in the movie 'pudhupatti ponnuthayee' starring radhika. 'manam poala maangalyam' is a good example of Hemavathi. S.Janaki (the best vocal support he ever got) has sung this song. This movie is like some modern thillanam mohanaambaal. Some big shot has given accompaniment in nadhaswaram in this song. He has started the pallavi in thara sthayi gandaaram. Ga Ri Sa Sa Ni Sa NI Sa Ni Da... That is how the song goes. It is really good and pure!
Considering the sudha madhyamam of Hemavathi, the raga giant 'Karaharapriya', Illayaraja has few pure numbers in it. Ofcourse nothing can beat M.S.Viswa- nathan's 'madhavi pon mayilaal'. Probably Illayaraja first tried Karahara- priya in pure form in 'poo nadam idum mayilae..' in the movie tick tick tick. The interlude violin pieces and K.J.Yesudoss's swara alapana in that song are fantastic. For such a good tune, the lyrics was very bad. I distinctly remem- ber how the triple x filled words in the charanam like 'padukayil...' got more famous than the tune in our school! Illayaraja should have paid more attention to the lyrics atleast when his tunes were purely carnatic. Mmmmm.... Who cared? It was all money for him! His other pure karnatic Karaharapriya are 'anandam pongida pongida', 'thana vanda sandanamae' (ooru vittu ooru vandhu). In anandam pongida pongida, the upper sancharas are excellant, like Ga Ga Ri Sa Ri Ga Ma Ga... Again,the song has been sung by Yesudoss. His voice is superb for this kind of songs. 'Thana vanda sandanamae' came as a pleasant surprise in his brother Gangei Amaran directed movie. This song was not a big hit. Probably all the attention went to 'sorgamae enrallum' in the same movie in ragam hamsanadam (but for few slips). In 'thana' (SPB), he has handled some wonderful nuances of Karaharapriya, like Ga Ri Ni Da Ni... There are few more of his semi-classical tries in Karaharapriya, like 'maamanukku' (netrikann) etc. Even his first song, 'machchana parthingala' is in the Karaharapriya scale. He liked this scale a lot. Maybe, neo-rasikas would call all of them as pure Karaharapriya.
Probably the purest of his Karaharapriya came in 'unnaal mudiyum thambi'. The situation is Kamal and Gemini fight over something. The quarrel gets very intense. At this point Gemini's dumb son (Kamal's brother), takes his nadhaswaram and starts playing loudly, to stop his kin from quarreling further. You know what raga Illayaraja selected for this situation? Karahara- priya! That scene was a musical feast in that movie. The raga was appropria- tely used. K.J.Yesudoss gave a charming vocal support to Illayaraja (singing for both Kamal and Gemini). It was like a duet between Yesudoss and the the nadhaswaram! K.Balachander used this situation to show how music was a common enjoyment in Gemini's house and how it could abate the heat of the quarell between the son and the father.
Talking about the panchama varjaya ragam of Karahapriya, that is , Sriranjani, probably Illayaraja was the best music director to use this wonderful raga. His first Sriranjani came as a tail bit in velli chalangaigal (kaadal ovium). It was a very fast bit sang by the chorus 'thannanthanimayil iru vizhi'. Even though 'velli chalangaigal' was tuned in Chandrakounse ragam, I don't know what made him give the tail bit to Sriranjani (a very strange guy, you know!) The second Sriranjani attempt came in naadavinodhangal in salangai oli. Even in this song he tuned the pallavi alone in Sriranjani, with charanam in Hamsaanandi. This is what I dislike in cinema music directors. Why can't they adhere to a single raga? Why do they have to change from pallavi to charanam? Illayaraja was the one who did best justice to carnatic music among modern music directors. But even he fell a prey to such deviations (from purist point of view) like changing the raga for each line in few songs. His best Sriranjani came in 'nadam ezhundadadi' in Gopura vaasalilae. Again, Yesudoss! It was really fantastic. Karthik had given a comic act in that song. Probably that song toppled M.S.V's best Sriranjani 'nadam enum kovililae..' Dit it? I would say yes.
-Lakshminarayanan Srirangam Ramakrishnan.
Department of Vision Science,
Universty of Houston College of Optometry,
Houston, Tx 77204.
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